追踪中性粒细胞腔内的爬行，活体视频显微镜Transendothelial组织中的迁移和趋化
Summary
我们描述了协议的明源在体内的中性粒细胞趋化中性粒细胞招聘时测量动态的中性粒细胞 – 内皮细胞相互作用的活体显微镜。中性粒细胞腔内爬行，transendothelial迁移和趋化鼠标提睾肌组织与时间已过视频摄影和ImageJ跟踪观察。
Abstract
招聘循环白细胞从血液流至发炎组织是一个重要和复杂的炎症 1,2的过程。在postcapillary静脉发炎组织，白细胞初步系绳上的小静脉壁壁面和滚动。滚动内皮细胞白细胞逮捕，并接受公司的附着力小静脉表面的趋化因子或其他趋化因子。搬迁许多粘附白细胞粘附在血管内皮细胞的交界外渗网站从最初的网站，这个过程被称为腔内爬行 3 。白细胞爬行，跨越内皮细胞（轮回）和血管外组织迁移朝来源的趋化因子（趋化）4。活体显微镜是一个强大的工具，在体内的白细胞-内皮细胞相互作用的可视化和细胞和分子机制揭示白细胞招聘2,5。在这份报告中，我们提供了一个全面的描述使用明活体显微镜，可视化，并确定在中性粒细胞在小鼠提睾肌的招聘的详细过程，中性粒细胞趋化梯度。为了诱导中性粒细胞的招聘，小块的琼脂糖凝胶（〜1毫米大小），其中包含中性粒细胞趋化MIP – 2（CXCL2，CXC趋化因子）或WKYMVm（色氨酸，赖氨酸，酪氨酸- VAL – D -蛋氨酸，一种人工合成的模拟细菌转肽）是放在毗邻postcapillary观察到的微静脉的肌肉组织。随着时间已过视频摄影和计算机软件ImageJ，内皮细胞，中性粒细胞transendothelial的迁移和组织中的迁移和趋化中性粒细胞腔内爬行可视化和跟踪。此协议允许腔内的爬行速度，轮回的时间，脱离时间，迁移速度，趋化速度，趋化指数在组织很多，如中性粒细胞的招聘参数，可靠和定量分析。我们证明，使用此协议，这些中性粒细胞招聘参数可以稳定的决心和方便地跟踪体内的单个细胞运动。
Protocol
Discussion
活体显微镜揭示炎症过程中白细胞招聘的细胞和分子机制的重要工具。半透明组织，如提睾肌及肠系膜微血管白细胞-内皮细胞相互作用的定量测定可视化仍然是应用技术1,5的黄金标准。传统的明活体显微镜具有许多独特的技术特点和在这些组织中透露的招聘机制是适用于大多数组织 在体内1,2,6。然而，在其他一些如肺，肝和脑组织的白细胞招聘机制已经提睾肌及肠系膜…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作是支持由加拿大卫生研究院（CIHR，MOP – 86749）的研究资助。 L.刘CIHR新研究者奖（MSH – 95374）的收件人。
Materials
Table: Materials, Specific Reagents and Equipment
| Name of the reagent/equipment | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| Polyethylene tubing, PE10 | Becton Dickinson | 427401 | I.D. 0.28mm × O.D. 0.61mm |
| India ink | Speedball Art | Super Black | 100% carbon black pigment-no dyes |
| Cautery | Aaron Medical | AA03 | |
| Xylazine | Bayer HealthCare, Bayer Inc. | DIN 02169592 | |
| Ketamine hydrochloride | Bioniche Animal Health Canada, Inc. | DIN 01989529 | |
| Murine recombinant MIP-2 | R&D Systems | 452-M2 | |
| WKYMVm | Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 072-12 | |
| Agarose | Invitrogen | 15510-027 | Ultrapure |
| Heparin | Sigma | H-3393 | |
| Upright microscope | Olympus | BX61WI | |
| 3CCD color video camera | SONY | DXC-990 | |
| HD-DVD video recorder | LG Electronics Inc. | RH398H-M | |
| TV monitor | LG Electronics Inc. | 22LG30 | |
| Water circulator | Thermo Scientific | HAAKE DC10 | |
| Peristaltic pump | Gilson; Pharmacia | Gilson MINIPULS 3; Pharmacia P-3 | |
| Cremaster muscle board | University of Saskatchewan | Home-made |
References
- Liu, L., Kubes, P. Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment: organ-specific mechanisms of action. Thromb. Haemost. 89, 213-220 (2003).
- Petri, B., Phillipson, M., Kubes, P. The physiology of leukocyte recruitment: an in vivo perspective. J. Immunol. 180, 6439-6446 (2008).
- Phillipson, M. Intraluminal crawling of neutrophils to emigration sites: a molecularly distinct process from adhesion in the recruitment cascade. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2569-2575 (2006).
- Wong, C. H., Heit, B., Kubes, P. Molecular regulators of leucocyte chemotaxis during inflammation. Cardiovasc. Res. 86, 183-191 (2010).
- Gavins, F. N., Chatterjee, B. E. Intravital microscopy for the study of mouse microcirculation in anti-inflammatory drug research: focus on the mesentery and cremaster preparations. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 49, 1-14 (2004).
- Bullen, A. Microscopic imaging techniques for drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 54-67 (2008).
- Hazelwood, K. L. Entering the Portal: Understanding the Digital Image Recorded Through a Microscope. Imaging Cellular and Molecular Biological Functions. , 3-43 (2007).
- Hickey, M. J. L-selectin facilitates emigration and extravascular locomotion of leukocytes during acute inflammatory responses in vivo. J. Immunol. 165, 7164-7170 (2000).
- Cara, D. C., Kubes, P. Intravital microscopy as a tool for studying recruitment and chemotaxis. Methods Mol. Biol. 239, 123-132 (2004).
- Liu, L. LSP1 is an endothelial gatekeeper of leukocyte transendothelial migration. J. Exp. Med. 201, 409-418 (2005).
- Heit, B. PI3K accelerates, but is not required for, neutrophil chemotaxis to fMLP. J. Cell Sci. 121, 205-214 (2008).
