Summary

Le test de natation forcée comme un modèle de type dépressif Comportement

Published: March 02, 2015
doi:

Summary

This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.

Abstract

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.

Introduction

La dépression est un trouble psychiatrique vie en danger et un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde entier avec une incidence de 5% et une prévalence de durée de vie de 15 à 20%. En outre, il est estimé que d'ici 2020, la dépression sera dans les trois principaux contributeurs à la charge de morbidité de 1,2. La dépression est associée à une invalidité, une diminution de la qualité de vie, l'augmentation des coûts liés à la santé et est considéré comme un facteur de risque principal pour de nombreuses maladies, y compris cardiovasculaires, métaboliques et les troubles neuropsychiatriques 3,4 .Current traitements pharmaco-thérapeutique ont une efficacité limitée et sont associées à de nombreux effets secondaires délétères 5,6. Par conséquent, une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie de cette maladie aux côtés avec le développement de traitements innovants et améliorés reste cruciale. Par conséquent, des modèles animaux sont essentiels pour faire avancer la recherche dans ce domaine.

Il existe de nombreux modèles utilisés pour l'étude de ce trouble (<em> par exemple test de préférence le saccharose, le test de suspension caudale) avec le test de natation forcée (FST, également connu comme le test de Porsolt après le développeur de ce modèle 7,8) étant l'un des tests les plus couramment utilisés 7,9-12.

Au cours de la FST un animal est placé dans un récipient rempli d'eau à partir de laquelle il ne peut échapper. L'animal va d'abord essayer de se échapper mais finira par présenter l'immobilité (c.-à-flottant avec l'absence de tout mouvement à l'exception de celles qui sont nécessaires pour garder le nez hors de l'eau). Le Tribunal est un modèle très populaire dans la recherche animale pour un certain nombre de raisons. Tout d'abord, il implique l'exposition des animaux à un stress, qui a été montré comme ayant un rôle dans la tendance de la dépression majeure 12-14. De plus la dépression est souvent perçue comme un manque de capacité à gérer le stress 15-17. Deuxièmement, le traitement pharmacologique des antidépresseurs avant le test a été montré pour réduire l'immobilité dans la FST <sup> 18-23. Par conséquent, il est souvent utilisé comme un test de criblage pour des composés nouveaux ayant des propriétés antidépressives potentiels 15-17,24. Anhédonie 15-17,24 En outre, le TSF a été montré à part quelques-uns des facteurs qui sont influencés ou modifiés par la dépression chez l'homme, tels que les changements dans la consommation alimentaire, troubles du sommeil et la drogue retrait induite. Ce est aussi la raison pour laquelle ce test est parfois utilisé pour évaluer le comportement dépressif comme chez les souris mutantes, avec une augmentation ou une diminution de l'immobilité de base (par rapport à des souris «de type sauvage») 25,26.

Protocol

REMARQUE: Tous les protocoles expérimentaux ont été approuvées par le Comité international pour les soins et l'utilisation des animaux en Israël. Tous les efforts ont été faits pour réduire le nombre d'animaux utilisés et leur souffrance. 1. Préparation pour le test de natation forcée Utilisez deux chambres adjacentes. Utilisez une pièce comme une «salle d'attente» pour tenir les animaux avant tests de comportement, et l'autre pour la réalisation de…

Representative Results

Les résultats suivants sont fondés sur des données non publiées de notre laboratoire. Dans cette expérience, les souris femelles adultes ICR ont été testés après trois semaines de traitement avec l'inhibiteur de la recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS) escitalopram ou nouveau traitement anti-dépressive et anti-anxiété à base de plantes (NHT) (pour plus d'informations concernant le traitement à base de plantes, voir 12 , 27,28). L'analyse de variance a révélé que le traitement réduit…

Discussion

Le TSF est utilisé pour surveiller le comportement dépressif-like et est basé sur l'hypothèse que l'immobilité reflète une mesure de désespoir comportemental 3. Les principaux avantages de ce procédé réside dans son fonctionnement relativement simple et des résultats rapides. En outre, sa sensibilité à un large éventail de médicaments antidépresseurs qui en fait un test de dépistage approprié est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes menant à sa validité prédictive …

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 738/11), by the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel (NIPI-7-2011-12), and by the Open University Foundation

Materials

Name of Material/ Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
Computer Dell intel(r) core(tm) i3-2120 cpu @ 3.30ghz, 4GB ram
Camera VIDO AU-CB422 B/W CCD CAMERA 
http://www.vido-europe.com/products_detail.asp?id=33&pcategory=2
Coding software Biobserve FST Analysis
http://www.biobserve.com/products/fst/index.html
Heating lamp Ikea AA-19025-3 ESPRESSIVIO 400.504.46 - 20W G4 Bulb 
http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/customer_service/assembly/E/E00050467.pdf
Heating pillow Sachs EF-188B 38*38cm Heating pillow
http://www.sachs.co.il/eng/lego_tree.php?instance_id=21&actions=show&id=
604

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Cite This Article
Yankelevitch-Yahav, R., Franko, M., Huly, A., Doron, R. The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior. J. Vis. Exp. (97), e52587, doi:10.3791/52587 (2015).

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