Эндотелиальных клеток со-культуры посредником Созревание эмбриональных стволовых клеток человека в поджелудочной железы инсулин продуцирующих клеток в направленной дифференцировки подход
Summary
Данное исследование описывает направленной дифференцировки подход в стимулировании панкреатической дифференциации эмбриональных стволовых клеток человека. Большое значение имеет вывод, что эндотелиальных клеток со-культуры посредником созревания человеческих эмбриональных стволовых клеток, полученных в поджелудочной предшественников инсулина экспрессирующие клетки.
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have two main characteristics: they can be indefinitely propagated in vitro in an undifferentiated state and they are pluripotent, thus having the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Such properties make ESCs extremely attractive for cell based therapy and regenerative treatment applications 1. However for its full potential to be realized the cells have to be differentiated into mature and functional phenotypes, which is a daunting task. A promising approach in inducing cellular differentiation is to closely mimic the path of organogenesis in the in vitro setting. Pancreatic development is known to occur in specific stages 2, starting with endoderm, which can develop into several organs, including liver and pancreas. Endoderm induction can be achieved by modulation of the nodal pathway through addition of Activin A 3 in combination with several growth factors 4-7. Definitive endoderm cells then undergo pancreatic commitment by inhibition of sonic hedgehog inhibition, which can be achieved in vitro by addition of cyclopamine 8. Pancreatic maturation is mediated by several parallel events including inhibition of notch signaling; aggregation of pancreatic progenitors into 3-dimentional clusters; induction of vascularization; to name a few. By far the most successful in vitro maturation of ESC derived pancreatic progenitor cells have been achieved through inhibition of notch signaling by DAPT supplementation 9. Although successful, this results in low yield of the mature phenotype with reduced functionality. A less studied area is the effect of endothelial cell signaling in pancreatic maturation, which is increasingly being appreciated as an important contributing factor in in-vivo pancreatic islet maturation 10,11.
The current study explores such effect of endothelial cell signaling in maturation of human ESC derived pancreatic progenitor cells into insulin producing islet-like cells. We report a multi-stage directed differentiation protocol where the human ESCs are first induced towards endoderm by Activin A along with inhibition of PI3K pathway. Pancreatic specification of endoderm cells is achieved by inhibition of sonic hedgehog signaling by Cyclopamine along with retinoid induction by addition of Retinoic Acid. The final stage of maturation is induced by endothelial cell signaling achieved by a co-culture configuration. While several endothelial cells have been tested in the co-culture, herein we present our data with rat heart microvascular endothelial Cells (RHMVEC), primarily for the ease of analysis.
Protocol
Discussion
В поджелудочной развития, дифференциации клеток поджелудочной железы находятся в непосредственной близости с эндотелиальных клеток от аорты, кроме того, панкреатических островков густо васкуляризированной для содействия быстрому обмену глюкозы в крови и островок гормонов. Учитыва?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Мы признаем, поддержка NIH Новый Новатор премии DP2 116520 и ORAU Ральф Поу младший факультета повышения Award.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Concentrations |
| mTeSR1 (with supplement) | Stem cell Technologies | 5850 | |
| hESC qualified matrigel | BD Biosciences | 354277 | |
| DMEM:F12 | Invitrogen | 11330-032 | |
| MCDB-131 | Invitrogen | 10372019 | |
| MCDB-131 (Complete) | VEC Technologies | MCDB-131 | |
| B27 Supplement | Invitrogen | 17504044 | |
| Activin A | R&D | 338-AC | 100ng/ml |
| Wortmannin | Invitrogen | W3144 | 1μM |
| KAAD-Cyclopamie | Sigma-Aldrich | C4116 | 0.2μM |
| All-Trans Retinoic Acid | Sigma-Aldrich | R2625 | 2μM |
| DAPT | Sigma-Aldrich | D5942 | 30μM |
| Nicotinamide | Sigma-Aldrich | N0636 | 10 mM |
| Sodium Selenite | Sigma-Aldrich | S5261 | 30 nM |
| Insulin | Sigma-Aldrich | I1882 | 25 μg/ml |
| Transferrin | Sigma-Aldrich | T8158 | 50 μg/ml |
| EGF | R&D | 236-EG | 10ng/ml |
| EndoGro | VEC Technologies | ENDOGRO | 10mg |
| Heparin | Sigma-Aldrich | H3149 | 90μg/ml |
| Hydrocortisone | Sigma-Aldrich | H0888 | 1μg/ml |
| NucleoSpin RNA II | Macherey Nagel | 740955 | |
| ImProm II reverse transcription System | Promega | A3800 | |
| Brilliant II SYBR Green QPCR master mix | Straragene | 600548 | |
| Sox17 goat polyclonal IgG | Santa Cruz | sc-17355 | 1/500 |
| PDX1 goat polyclonal IgG | Santa Cruz | sc-14662 | 1/500 |
| C-Peptide Rabbit polyclonal | Cell Signaling | 4593 | 1/500 |
| Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG | Invitrogen | A-21206 | 1/1000 |
| Alexa Fluor 647 donkey anti-goat IgG | Invitrogen | A-21447 | 1/1000 |
Table 2. Reagents and Kits.
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